Plants & Machinery

Oil Fields
An oil field is a region with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum   (crude oil) from below ground. Because the oil reserves typically extend over a large area, possibly several hundred kilometres across, full exploitation entails multiple wells scattered across the area. In addition, there may be exploratory wells probing the edges, pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support facilities.

Oil Refineries
An "oil refinery"is an industrial process  plant where crude oil  is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel , asphalt base , heating oil, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas. Oil refineries are typically large sprawling industrial  complexes with extensive piping  running throughout, carrying streams of fluidsbetween large chemical processing units.

Oil Wells
An oil well is a general term for any boring through the Earth's surface designed to find and produce petroleum oil hydrocarbons. Usually some natural gas is produced along with the oil, and a well designed to produce mainly or only gas may be termed a gas well.The creation and life of a well can be divided up into five segments:

Planning

Drilling

Completion

Production

Abandonment

Oil wells come in many varieties. By produced fluid, there can be wells that produce oil, wells that produce oil and natural gas, or wells that only produce natural gas.Another obvious way to classify oil wells is by land or offshore wells. There is very little difference in the well itself. An offshore well targets a reservoir that happens to be underneath an ocean. Due to logistics, drilling an offshore well is far more costly than an onshore well. By far the most common type is the onshore well. These wells dot the Southern and Central Great Plains, Southwestern United States, and are the most common wells in the Middle East.

Hydrotreating and Sulphur Plants
A number of contaminants are found in crude oil. As the fractions travel through the refinery processing units, these impurities can damage the equipment, the catalysts and the quality of the products. There are also legal limits on the contents of some impurities, like sulphur, in products.
Hydrotreating is one way of removing many of the contaminants from many of the intermediate or final products. In the hydrotreating process, the entering feedstock is mixed with hydrogen and heated to 300 - 380oC. The oil combined with the hydrogen then enters a reactor loaded with a catalyst which promotes several reactions:

Hydrogen combines with sulphur to form hydrogen sulphide (H2S)

Nitrogen compounds are converted to ammonia

Any metals contained in the oil are deposited on the catalyst

Some of the olefins, aromatics or naphthenes become saturated with hydrogen to become paraffins and some cracking takes place, causing the creation of some methane, ethane, propane and butanes.

Sulphur Recovery Plants
The hydrogen sulphide created from hydrotreating is a toxic gas that needs further treatment. The usual process involves two steps:

The removal of the hydrogen sulphide gas from the hydrocarbon stream

The conversion of hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur, a non-toxic and useful chemical.

Solvent extraction, using a solution of diethanolamine (DEA) dissolved in water, is applied to separate the hydrogen sulphide gas from the process stream. The hydrocarbon gas stream containing the hydrogen sulphide is bubbled through a solution of diethanolamine solution (DEA) under high pressure, such that the hydrogen sulphide gas dissolves in the DEA. The DEA and hydrogen mixture is the heated at a low pressure and the dissolved hydrogen sulphide is released as a concentrated gas stream which is sent to another plant for conversion into sulphur.

Gas Oil Separation Plant
Gas Oil Separation Plant (GOSP) is a type of plant used primarily in the oil industry. Saudi Aramco has at least three majors GOSPs, including one in Sheyba.Produce crude oil is sent to a Gas Oil Separation Plant or GOSP to be divided into oil and associated gases, which are then streamed to oil refineries and gas processing plants respectively. The products of these plants are then to supply and distribution.
Produced crude oil leaving the well head is both sour (contains hydrogen sulfide gas) and wet (contains water). The crude leaving the well head must be processed and treated to make it safe, environmentally acceptable, and economically viable for storage, processing and export.
The raw crude often leaves the well head under very high pressure. Production pressures of greater than 3000 pounds per square inch have been encountered in some fields. The high pressure makes transportation and storage difficult and dangerous.It is not appropriate to burn off the gases associated with crude oil. There are also economic reasons for processing and treating the produced crude. Recovering associated gases prevents wasting a natural resource, which was originally flared off.
There are also other economic reasons for GOSP.Removing contaminants from the crude, such as salt and hydrogen sulfide,protects plants from corrosion damage.The initial processing of produced crude oil in a GOSP also is required to meet specifications of the crude for export and oil refining.Gas Oil Separation Plants process crude from the well head and separate gases and contaminants from the crude for safety reasons,environmental reasons, and for economic reasons - to make the crude economically viable for storage, processing and export.

Equipments

Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person. They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs'). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the earth's crust.

Oil filter
An oil filter is a device used to decontaminate oil that contains suspended impurities. A major application is in forming part of the lubrication system of engines in which filters are typically detachable units due to the need for regular service or replacement. The filtration of oil in engines is essential for enhancing longevity and performance.

Petroleum refinery plant and equipment:

• Machinery and equipment for the petrochemical industry (trade)
• Petroleum gas production plant and equipment
• Crude oil stabilisation plant
• Ovens, coil type, crude oil heating
• Oil distillation plant, petroleum refinery
• Cracking plant, catalytic
• Cracking plant, thermal
• Cracking plant, steam
• Cracking plant equipment, petroleum refinery
• Alkylation plant, petroleum refinery
• Desulphurisation plant, petroleum refinery
• Desalination plant, petroleum refinery
• Distillation columns, petroleum refinery
• Distillation tower parts and accessories, petroleum refinery
• Condensers for petroleum refineries
• Hydroforming/hydrofining plant, refinery
• Reforming plant, catalytic
• Reforming plant, steam
• Reforming plant, thermal
• Isomerisation plant
• Polymerisation plant, petroleum refinery
• Wax purification and extraction plant, petroleum refinery
• Mixers and blenders, in-line, petroleum refinery
• Gas-petroleum separators, petroleum refinery
• Oil-water separators, petroleum refinery
• Temperature indicators and recorders for petroleum refineries
• Pressure regulators, petroleum refinery
• Flame arresters, oil refinery
• De-coking equipment, refinery flues
• Refinery and petrochemical industry plant, complete

Natural gas processing plant and equipment:
  
 1.Petroleum gas production plant and equipment
   2.Natural gas receiving terminals
   3.Vaporization plant for liquefied natural gas
   4.Fuel gas production plant, natural gas
   5.Odourization plant for natural gas

Oilfield supplies and equipment:
 
  1.Drilling machinery and equipment for oil and gas rigs
    2.Oil, gas and water extraction machinery and equipment

• Well testing equipment, oilfield
• Oil pumping equipment, oil well, gas lift or airlift
• Sucker rods and fittings, oil well
• Sucker rod centralizers, oil well
• Sucker rod elevators, oil well
• Polished rods and equipment, oil well
• Separators, oil, gas and water for oil and gas wells
• Dehydrators, oilfield
• Feed-through equipment, wireline, for well heads
• Gas absorption equipment, oilfield
• Gas storage and handling equipment, oilfield

    3.Machinery, equipment and accessories for oil and gas extraction

• Drilling machinery and equipment for oil and gas rigs
• Drilling rig machinery and equipment, offshore
• Oil and gas extraction machinery and equipment
• Pile driving equipment for the oil and gas industry
• Flare booms and systems, offshore
• Pumps, oil rig
• Valves, flanges and well control equipment, oil rig
• Drilling rig instrumentation
• Bulk storage systems, offshore, for the oil and gas industry
• Gas treatment systems, offshore
• Drill string and bottom hole assembly components
• Drill bits, mills, hole reamers, hole openers
• Well testing and production equipment
• Casing and accessories
• Cementing equipment
• Wireline logging equipment

Liquid petroleum bulk storage installations:
Gas production and distribution:

• Natural gas supply services for domestic use
• Natural gas supply services for industrial use
• Town gas supply services
• Methane supply services, vehicle traction
• Liquefied gas supply services
• Refilling and re-testing services for gas bottles
• Distributors of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)
• Bottling, storage and transport services for liquefied gases
• Energy brokers, gas